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Cardiovascular Research 1997 36(1):101-110; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00146-6
© 1997 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1997, European Society of Cardiology

Differences in development of coronary arteries and veins

Mark-Paul F.M Vrancken Peetersa, Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groota,*, Monica M.T Mentinka, Jill E Hungerfordb,1, Charles D Littleb and Robert E Poelmanna

aDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9602, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
bDepartment of Cell Biology and the Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA

* Corresponding author. Tel. (+31-71) 5276691; fax (+31-71) 5276680.

Objective: The differentiation of the coronary vasculature was studied to establish in particular the formation of the coronary venous system. Methods: Antibody markers were used to demonstrate endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblastic cells in serial sections of embryonic quail hearts. The anti-β myosin heavy chain and the neuronal marker HNK-1 were added to our incubation protocol. Results: In HH32, the coronary vascular network has developed into a circulatory system with connections to the sinus venosus, the aorta and the right atrium. The connections between the aorta and the right atrium allow for direct arteriovenous shunting. Subsequently, differentiation into coronary arteries and veins occurs with an interposed capillary network. The smooth muscle cells of the coronary arterial media derive from the subepicardial layer, whereas the subepicardially located cardiac veins recrute atrial myocardium, as these cells express the β-myosin heavy chain antigen. Ganglia are located in the subepicardium close to the vessels, while nerve fibres tend to colocalize with the formed vessel channels. Conclusions: A new finding is presented in which the subepicardial coronary veins have a media that consists of myocardial cells. The close positional relationship of neural tissue and coronary vessels that penetrate the heart wall is explained as inductive for vessel wall differentiation, but not for invasion into the heart.

KEYWORDS Heart development; Coronary vasculature; HNK-1; β-Myosin heavy chain; Quail; Cardiac autonomic nervous system

1 Current address: Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, HSC Box 439, Jordan Hall 3-20, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.


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