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Cardiovascular Research 1997 33(3):655-665; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(96)00264-7
© 1997 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1997, European Society of Cardiology

Cytotoxicity of radiocontrast agents on polarized renal epithelial cell monolayers

Christlieb Haller*, Cornelia S. Schick, Markus Zorn and Wolfgang Kübler

Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology), University of Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr. 58, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany

Objective: Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy is a clinically important complication of coronary angiography. The cellular mechanisms of radiocontrast-induced renal dysfunction are not clear. Since tubular transport functions depend on the polarity of renal epithelial cells, we investigated the effects of radiocontrast agents on polarized tubular cells in vitro. Methods: We studied the effects of iso-iodine concentrations (37 and 74 mg iodine/ml) of an ionic (diatrizoate) and a non-ionic (iopamidol) monomeric radiocontrast agent and of hyperosmolal mannitol control solutions on filter-grown renal epithelial cell (MDCK, LLCPK) monolayers in vitro. The cytotoxicity was assayed by measurement of cell viability, transepithelial resistance, inulin permeability and (polarized) cellular enzyme release. The polarized MDCK cell phenotype was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using monoclonal antibodies against specific apical (gp135) and basal (gp60, uvomorulin) MDCK surface markers. Results: The radiocontrast agents reduced cell viability to a greater extent than hyperosmolal mannitol solutions in both cell lines; diatrizoate was more toxic than iopamidol. LLCPK cells were more susceptible to radiocontrast cytotoxicity than MDCK cells. This cytotoxicity was associated with an alteration of MDCK cell polarity as assessed by the redistribution of surface marker proteins. Conclusions: Diatrizoate is more toxic than iopamidol, which is partly related to its higher osmolality. The cytotoxicity of radiocontrast agents induces a redistribution of polarized membrane proteins which could contribute to the pathophysiology of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.

KEYWORDS MEM = minimal essential medium; DMEM = Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; GGT = {gamma}-glutamyl transferase; AP = alkaline phosphatase; β-NAG = β-N-acetylglucosaminidase; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline

* Corresponding author. Tel. +49 6221 568676; Fax +49 6221 565515. challer{at}krzmail.krz.uni-heidelberg.de


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