© 1995 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 1995, European Society of Cardiology
Intracellular signalling through protein kinases in the heart
Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
* Corresponding author. Tel. (+44-71) 352-8121, ext. 3306; Fax (+44-71) 823-3392.
Protein kinases play important roles in intracellular signalling pathways in probably all cells. In the heart, they are involved in the regulation of ion handling, contractility, fuel metabolism and growth. In this review, we discuss the consequences of activation of protein kinases known to be expressed in the heart. We concentrate principally on the following: cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.
KEYWORDS AP-1 activator protein-1; βARK β-adrenergic receptor kinase; CaM kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; CaM calmodulin; CDK cyclin-dependent kinase; CoA coenzyme A; CREB-P cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein; ET endothelin; G-protein GTP-binding protein; GRK G-protein-coupled receptor kinase; IP3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; IRS-1 insulin receptor substrate-1; MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase (or ERK for extracellular signal regulated kinase); MAPKAP-K1 MAPK activated protein kinase-1; MAPKK mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (or MEK for MAPK (or ERK) kinase); MARCKS myristoylated alaninerich C kinase substrate; MEKK MEK kinase or MAPKK kinase; MLC myosin light chain; MLCK MLC kinase; NHE Na+/H+ exchanger; PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDHC PDH multienzyme complex; PHAS-I phosphorylated heat- acid-stable protein regulated by insulin; pH intracellular pH; PIP2 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; PKC protein kinase C; PKA cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase; PKG cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase; PLC phospholipase C; PLD phospholipase D; PMA phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (or TPA for 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate); PtdSer phosphatidylserine; RACK receptor for activated C kinase; RSK ribosomal subunit S6 kinase; SR sarcoplasmic reticulum; SERCA sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase; Tn troponin; TRE TPA-responsive element
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