© 1993 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 1993, European Society of Cardiology
Hypoxia induced disruption of the cardiac endothelial glycocalyx: implications for capillary permeability
Department of Anatomy, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road, London El 4NS, United Kingdom: B J Ward, J L Donnelly.
Correspondence to Dr Ward.
Objective: The aim was to determine the effect of hypoxia on the ultrastructure of the endothelial glycocalyx of cardiac capillaries. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were perfused with oxygenated or hypoxic Krebs solution for 30 min after equilibration with oxygenated medium. They were then perfused with a cationic marker (ruthenium red, lanthanum nitrate, or cationised ferritin) to delineate the cardiac endothelial glycocalyx in the electron microscope. With ruthenium red and lanthanum, perfusions were carried out both in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin. Ferritin perfused hearts were used to quantify changes in the glycocalyx as a result of hypoxia and to measure the cross sectional area of the endothelial cells. Results: In all the hearts perfused with well oxygenated solution, all three markers showed an even, electron dense layer on the luminal surface of the capillaries. With ruthenium red and lanthanum (but not with ferritin), the marker was occasionally observed throughout the length of the interendothelial clefts and on the albuminal surface. After 30 min hypoxic perfusion, both ruthenium red and lanthanum showed disruption and irregular clumping of the glycocalyx, with or without albumin. Ferritin, however, showed a sparse and uneven layer. Measurements of endothelial cell area showed that some cells from hypoxic hearts were swollen when compared with controls. Measurements of the percentage of luminal membrane covered by ferritin molecules showed a significant loss of glycocalyx in hypoxic hearts. There was, however, no correlation between loss of glycocalyx and endothelial cell swelling. Conclusions: The endothelial cell glycocalyx of continuous capillaries is sensitive to changes in Po2. The disruption of this surface coat may explain the reported increase in capillary permeability in hypoxia.
Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:384-389
KEYWORDS hypoxia; glycocalyx; capillary endothelium; ultrastructure; heart; permeability
This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Andersson, U. Nilsson, C. Hjalmarsson, B. Haraldsson, and J. S. Nystrom Mild renal ischemia-reperfusion reduces charge and size selectivity of the glomerular barrier Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): F1802 - F1809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Rippe, A. Rippe, A. Larsson, D. Asgeirsson, and B. Rippe Nature of glomerular capillary permeability changes following acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): F1362 - F1368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. van den Berg and H. Vink Glycocalyx perturbation: cause or consequence of damage to the vasculature? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): H2174 - H2175. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Eguchi, Y. Ikeda, T. Ookawara, S. Koyota, N. Fujiwara, K. Honke, P. G. Wang, N. Taniguchi, and K. Suzuki Modification of oligosaccharides by reactive oxygen species decreases sialyl lewis x-mediated cell adhesion Glycobiology, November 1, 2005; 15(11): 1094 - 1101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Jeansson and B. Haraldsson Glomerular Size and Charge Selectivity in the Mouse after Exposure to Glucosaminoglycan-Degrading Enzymes J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2003; 14(7): 1756 - 1765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. van den Berg, H. Vink, and J. A.E. Spaan The Endothelial Glycocalyx Protects Against Myocardial Edema Circ. Res., April 4, 2003; 92(6): 592 - 594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Brutsaert Cardiac Endothelial-Myocardial Signaling: Its Role in Cardiac Growth, Contractile Performance, and Rhythmicity Physiol Rev, January 1, 2003; 83(1): 59 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ohlson, J. Sorensson, and B. Haraldsson A gel-membrane model of glomerular charge and size selectivity in series Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): F396 - F405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Constantinescu, H. Vink, and J. A. E. Spaan Elevated capillary tube hematocrit reflects degradation of endothelial cell glycocalyx by oxidized LDL Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H1051 - H1057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ohlson, J. Sorensson, and B. Haraldsson Glomerular size and charge selectivity in the rat as revealed by FITC-Ficoll and albumin Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): F84 - F91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Lindner, S. Ismail, W. D. Spotnitz, D. M. Skyba, A. R. Jayaweera, and S. Kaul Albumin Microbubble Persistence During Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Is Associated With Microvascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage Circulation, November 17, 1998; 98(20): 2187 - 2194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|