© 1993 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2003, European Society of Cardiology
Dispersion of refractoriness in normal and ischaemic canine ventricle: effects of sympathetic stimulation
Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands: T Opthof, R Coronel, J T Vermeulen, H J Verberne, F J L van Capelle, M J Janse.
Correspondence to Dr Opthof.
Objective: Dispersion in refractoriness is considered a major factor in induction and persistence of cardiac arrhythmias. The sympathetic nervous system is known to modulate refractoriness. An index of refractoriness has therefore been assessed in normal and ischaemic myocardium simultaneously at multiple sites, with and without sympathetic stimulation. Methods: In six dogs on total cardiopulmonary bypass the average interval between local activations was measured during artificially induced ventricular fibrillation from extracellular electrograms simultaneously recorded from 32 ventricular sites. These local ventricular fibrillation intervals may be used as an index of local refractoriness. Results: During regional ischaemia, ventricular fibrillation intervals of ischaemic sites could prolong by up to 60% after 3 min following coronary occlusion. Left stellate ganglion stimulation during ischaemia produced either no response or prolonged the ventricular fibrillation intervals even further at ischaemic sites, whereas ventricular fibrillation intervals at non-ischaemic sites shortened. Dispersion in refractoriness across the ischaemic border increased by 14-59% in individual hearts following sympathetic stimulation during acute, regional ischaemia. Conclusions: Due to opposite effects on normal and ischaemic myocardium, sympathetic stimulation increases the difference in refractoriness over the ischaemic border. This may enhance the chance for regional conduction block and the propensity to re-entrant arrhythmias.
Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1954-1960
KEYWORDS ventricular refractoriness; dispersion of refractoriness; acute ischaemia; regional ischaemia; ventricular fibrillation; sympathetic nervous system; stellate ganglia
The authors wish to thank Charly Belterman for expert surgical assistance and for management of the extracorporeal circulation equipment, Wim ter Smitte for the skilful manufacturing of sheets of extracellular electrodes, and Jaap van Hulst for general computer assistance. The authors further appreciate the help of Dr Anand Ramdat Misier and Monique Vink.
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